How can I navigate on Kerbin?

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I've seen a number of contracts for "conduct a survey near X at Y altitude".
How do I find point X in relation to the space center? It doesn't look like the space center is marked on the planet, so how'd I even know which way to go?
I'm playing on version 1.0.
Best Answer
In addition to Philipp's detailed answer, here's a screenshot of Kerbin with the location of the spaceport circled:
Pictures about "How can I navigate on Kerbin?"



How do I use navigation in KSP?
Use of the navigational marks' system Accepting the contract makes the marks visible in the map view too. In case of survey missions, selecting one of the marks opens a short check window, clicking on the Activate Navigation activates the navigation system and targets the chosen location.How do you land back on kerbin?
Steps to Orbit and BackHow do you complete orbit kerbin?
Activate Navigation to a Launchsite will target the chosen location and add a navigation mark in the NavBall. Players will be able to activate this feature from the Map View at any time.A Kerbal Guide to Navigation - Part 1
Sources: Stack Exchange - This article follows the attribution requirements of Stack Exchange and is licensed under CC BY-SA 3.0.
Images: Erik Mclean, Andrea Piacquadio, Ylanite Koppens, Ylanite Koppens