How far away do I need to be away from guards and sound bugs to avoid being heard?

Using lethal weapons and sprinting will create noise, which will alert guards to your location. There are frequently times where I'm not sure if I can safely sprint through that room without alerting the guards, or if I'll just broadcast the location of my agents to everyone. I've tried doing some SCIENCE! to figure out the distance myself, but I'm playing on Expert mode I don't really have much room for SCIENCE! without it backfiring.
How far away do I need to be from guards and sound bugs to avoid being detected when I make noise by sprinting or firing lethal weapons?
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