At what distance (from the player) do iron golems spawn in villages?

There is literally zero direct dependence between golem spawning an player location currently (1.15-1.16). As long as the villagers are loaded and in entity-processing chunks, golems can spawn, and they can spawn both practically on top of the player, with player very far, and with no player at all.

Of course for the last case you need some alternative means of keeping the iron farm loaded - at current time there are three vanilla means - first, non-survival: using the /forceload command to define a permaloaded zone, second - might be subject to admin-imposed restrictions or server land claims: build the farm in the spawn chunks, and third, possible in practically any circumstances unless expressly forbidden, build a permaloader.

For example: this iron farm, located a considerable distance from spawn, produces iron 24/7 thanks the permaloader device located deep down near bedrock (the location is chosen to reduce chance of interference with other portals; another alternative is up in the sky near build limit).

Based From ChunkBase:

Website:http://chunkbase.com/tutorials/videos/iron-golem-farm

These videos show you how to build a fully automatic and expandable iron golem farm using a (fake) village. The position of the doors and floors is criticial; the farm was designed to allow two spawning floors for efficiency. Efficiency

With roughly 10 golems per hour, the yield may not be high (considering the required space), but, to my knowledge, it is almost as high as it can get (the spawning floors could be optimized so that they're on one level, i.e., no lowered central stream). The only way to further improve it would be to build several farms and a shared item canal (repeat the design every 72 blocks or more to be safe). Requirements

The farm needs about 20x20x18 space, plus some overhangs. Skylight is required for some blocks. Also, a village close to your desired farm spot would help a lot. F3 Mod (Village Info)

In the video, I used a mod called Village Info. It shows some basic info about the village you're currently in (or close to). The mod helped me a lot in designing this farm (actually, it was the very reason I created the mod). You can download it here: Village Info World Download

Basic Farm: Download
Basic Farm with option to preserve golems: Download
Multiple farms stacked vertically: Download

this post is very old, yet some people (including me) still get this problem. There is no consistent source for what I will say, but it only comes from my experience and testing.

First thing : don't forget to be patient. For a classic iron farm (3 villagers, 1 zombie, 1 above platform), you need to wait for your villagers to work, then sleep. Sometimes, you have to wait a full day and night cycle for the first golem to appear.

Second thing : In my farm, to 'activate' the golem spawn (villagers work+sleep+zombie fear), I have to be closer than 24 blocks from the zombie. Once it's activated, I can go a bit far and golems still spawn, but after a while they stop spawning. It's like the spawning prerequisites are not valid anymore and I have to come closer than 24 blocks again, waiting for another golem.

The consequence is pretty immediate : if I want it to work as an afk-farm, I have to build an "afk-cabin" closer than 24 blocks from the zombie.

I don't have any precise and technical explanation for this, but I've found many posts on the internet saying "my farm doesn't work if I'm not very close to it !" and people keeping answering about 13x13 activated chunks, or visual range, and most of the time say "your farm should work", so I post my answer. It can help some.