How can I recover a Microsoft account using my Minecraft username?

When I tried to open Minecraft today, it asked me to sign into a Microsoft account. I do not remember the email and password for the account I used to buy Minecraft.

I have already tried entering my gmail address and phone number into the “forgot email address” section, but they were not linked to an account.

Going into the Minecraft launcher shows two usernames, my Minecraft username and another username.

Picture of the page that shows these two usernames, with the names mostly censored.

Every recovery option asks for an email address or linked phone number. Can I find out the email linked to my Minecraft account using either of these two usernames (or inside my .minecraft folder)?

Otherwise, what should I do? Are there any other ways for me to log into the Minecraft launcher?

Additional information:

I will migrate some of my comments to this section to avoid extended discussion using the comments.

My launcher_accounts.json file contains "type" : "Xbox", and does not seem to contain a full email address.
I don't think I've ever had a "Mojang account". Minecraft was probably at about 16.5 when I bought it.
I do not use my Microsoft account for anything else.

minecraft-java-edition

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Can I log into my Minecraft account with my username?

You use your email address to log into Minecraft and Mojang Studios services. You no longer log into Minecraft and minecraft.net with a username.

How do I recover my Microsoft Minecraft account?

For a Mojang account and have forgotten the email that you log in with, try resetting your password. The reset process will send an email to the address that you have registered, letting you know which address you used. Alternatively, try other email addresses that you own.

Is my Minecraft username my Microsoft account?

If you view your Microsoft account online, you will see your Gamertag as your account name and not your Minecraft Username. Any purchase information and account settings tied to your Microsoft account will display your Gamertag.

How do I find out what email I used for Minecraft?

If you're logged in online then you'll be able to see your name by clicking on your profile name on the top right and then selecting the Profile section. There's also a chance that the top right part of the screen will already show your email address anyway, which makes things even easier.

How To Recover Username in Microsoft

Sources: Stack Exchange - This article follows the attribution requirements of Stack Exchange and is licensed under CC BY-SA 3.0.

Images: Anete Lusina, Gustavo Fring, Mikhail Nilov, Mikhail Nilov